[Survey the frequency of risk factors in men with erectile dysfunction]

A large number of men are suffering from Erectile Dysfunction [ED] which affected interpersonal relationships, family life and quality of the life. Prevalence of ED corresponded with age and underlying disorders. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, used tobacco and drugs were considered as preventable risk factors in men with erectile dysfunction. Survey on frequency of risk factors in men with erectile dysfunction. This descriptive study was performed on men who suffering from ED more than 6 months and were referred to urology clinic of Razi hospital. All of known risk factors of ED were evaluated in the patients and a questionnaire which was filled based on risk factors and their frequencies. Descriptive and inferential statistical was used analysis tests, in the SPSS software. Among 102 men with Erectile Dysfunction, only 2 men [1.9%] had no any organic or psychological risk factors. The most of these men [74%] had organic risk factors, 13% of them had organic and psychological risk factors, only 8% had psychological risk factors. 39.2% hyperlipidemia, 38.2% urologic disorders, 23.5% diabetes mellitus, 20.6% psychological disorders, 19.6% cigarette smoking, 16.7% cardiovascular disease, 11.8% hypertension, 10.8% neurologic disorders, 4.9% thyroid disorders, 2.9% hypogonadism alone or with another risk factors were recognized in patients. The most of these men [98%] had organic/psychological or mixed risk factors as cause or causes which interference ED. Considering to common pathophysiological mechanisms and coexistent risk factors, ED can be a silent sign for a lot of underlying comorbidity. Determineing these risk factors [especially variable risk factors] is necessary to correction these risk factors, prevention of comorbidity, and promotion of quality of life in these patients which is one of the goals of WHO today

[Efficacy and safety of herbal drug, Hypericum perforatum in the treatment of premature ejaculation]

Premature ejaculation is the most prevalent form of male sexual dysfunction. Efforts to develop novel drugs safer than existing therapies are continued. Assessment of efficacy of Hypericum Perforatum in the treatment of premature ejaculation. This is the double blind, randomized placebo- controlled study. In this study were selected 50 married men [18-50 years old] who were referred to urology department of Razi hospital in Rasht from 2007 to 2008 with premature ejaculation were selected. These patients were divided to control and cases groups. Hypericum [160mg tablets] were prescribed for case group and placebo for control group. All participants completed IIEF-15 questionnaire before and after treatment. Intra vaginal latency time [IVLT] was measured before and after treatment. The results were analyzed using chi-square and paired t-test. After 4 weeks, there was difference in IVLT between 2 groups. This difference was statically significant [P<0.001]. There was an increase in two variables of the IIEF-15 [Intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction] in hypericum perforatum group [p<0.001]. In 3 participants drug was discontinued because of adverse reactions. It seems that hypericum perforatum may be regarded as a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of premature ejaculation

[Comparison of the effects of different doses of ketamine propofol on haemodynamic changes of the patients during induction of anesthesia]

The aim of this prospective, clinical trial study was to investigate whether the administration of different doses of ketamine before induction with propofol imporves its associated haemodynamic propofol during induction and tracheal intubation. One hundered and thirty adult patients ASA I were randomly allocated to one of six groups to receive either propofol 2 mg/kg [n= 23], propofol 1.75 mg/kg with ketamine 0.25 mg/kg [n=21], propofol 1.5 mg/kg with ketamine 0.5 mg/kg [n=20], propofol 1.25 mg/kg with ketamine 0.75 mg/kg [n=21], propofol 1 mg/kg with ketamine 1 mg/kg [n=24], and ketamine group alone 2 mg/kg [n=21]. Ketamine was administered prior to induction with propofol, relaxant and tracheal intubaion. Systolic, diastolic pressure and heart rate were automatically recorded before induction [Baseline], immediately after induction, and 1, 5 and 10 min after tracheal intubation by Armita devices. Systolic, diastolic pressure and palse rate were not significantly different in different groups befor the induction. However theses difference were significant after the induction of anesthesia [P<0.001]. The highest increase and decrease in blood pressure occurred in ketamine and propofol groups respectively. Haemodynamic stability was much better in patients anesthetized using propofol plus 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg ketamine. We conclude that the addition of ketamine 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg improves haemodynamics when compared to ketamine 2 mg/kg alone or propofol 2 mg/kg during induction of anesthesia